Monday, December 23, 2019

The Theories of International Relations - 2314 Words

INTRODUCTION The theories of international relations are the end results of good international relations and system in the world today, most of this theories are not well implemented in most countries which has resulted on conflicts among nations, political instabilities, secessions and all other political unrest. This essay will shed more light on the phases of international relations from the individual stage to the international stage. Firstly, this essay will explain what the theories of international relations are and then proceeds to give you the overview of what theoretical perspective provides the best account in international relations Liberalism idealism Liberalism is a society which is characterized by freedom of thought†¦show more content†¦Ã‚…the security of one is the concern of allÂ… and this is where collective responsibility comes in, in which aggression by one state would be countered by collective action by the other state, embodied in a league of nations. The League of Nations illustrated the importance the theory have placed on international institutions to deal with war and the chance for collective problem solving in a many-sided forum (Mingst,2004:63). Where we could see the weakness of this theory was when the Liberals is seen to have failed to make the world safe for democracy as President Woodrow Wilson, who authored the covenant of the League of Nations, claimed it could during WW1, even when its doctrine were institutionalized into international organizations like the League of Nations and later the United Nations. Mingst also added that the League of Nations proved incompetent of maintaining collective security and many questions of the basic goodness of humanity came up, leaving liberalism under intense scrutiny. These questions made liberalism as a theoretical perspective fall out of favour. Realism This theory believes people to be sinful and wicked by nature and mans aggressive power seeking and lustful nature has implications on the state. Individual in states are organised to act in a unitary way in pursuit of its own national interest in terms of power (Mingst, 2004:65). Mingst also wrote that theShow MoreRelatedInternational Relation Theory And International Relations Theory1395 Words   |  6 PagesInternational relation theories can be used to explain the meanings of the songs and articles. Through music, the international relation theories can relate to the hidden messages about the song through the language. The two theories that best explain the songs, Imagine by John Lennon and Only Prettier by Miranda Lambert are neoliberalism and constructivism. Neoliberalism is an international relations theory in which, states cooperate together to reach a common goal. There is also the belief thatRead MoreA Theory Of International Relations Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesTheory, in general has various meanings in Social Sciences, most in particular in, International Relations. That is the term â€Å"Theory† can be defined in various ways and means. Simply put, theory can be defined as a concept of explaining something. Furthermore, theory can be defined as a series of propositions about political behaviour inductively derived either from empirical studies or the comparative examination of case materials from the past (Akinboye Ottoh, 2005). It can also be defined asRead MoreThe Theory Of International Relations1402 Words   |  6 Pagesare different theory of how international relations should operate, such as Liberalism, Realism, Marxism, Constructivism, the English school often called the international society, Feminism, Gree n theory, Hegemonic stability theory, Postmodernism and Post colonialism. This essay will be focus on realism and how relevant the realist perspective is in the 21st century international relations. Historically, Realism is the most important approach to discipline of international relations (Nicholson, 2002)Read MoreThe Theory Of International Relations1535 Words   |  7 PagesWhen studying International Relations, there are various theories involved, three of these theories being: realism, liberalism, and constructivism. A theory is fundamentally ideas and complex concepts that have their own way of understanding something. These theories are used in evaluating world politics, by coming up with a unique way of identifying and explaining the events that occur around the world (Mingst 5). The theories help explain different perspectives on how the world system functions;Read MoreThe Theory Of International Relations Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pagesgroups around the world, the international orders emerged to set how states relates to each other based on the amount of power that they have and the interests they share at different moments of the history. With the evolution of soc ieties, international orders changes because of a major clash between great powers where it is necessary a zero sum situation. To explain this, the paradigms of international relations will be the main tool. The rise of an international order is a result of the accumulationRead MoreMarxist Theories Of International Relations903 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Since the Cold War came to an end and capitalism stood victorious, it was generally accepted that the ideas of Marx could be declared irrelevant. Marx’s theories were excessively concerned with the role of economics in defining social and political relations. These were also exceedingly pessimistic in their approach, offering hardly any viable option to replace the capitalist system. The core principle of Marxism is that the world is divided not into politically determined nations butRead MoreThe Realist Theory Of International Relations1545 Words   |  7 Pagesviolence through civilians and changing the regime. However, unlike other interventions in international area, it was quick and sudden. Therefore it was obvious that other than providing good life conditions to Libyan people, there were also other purposes of the coalition states through Libya’s rich resources. Realism theory On the realist theory of International Relations, the basic assumption of this theory is that states in their foreign affairs, must pursue power, and ensure that they act rationallyRead MoreComparison of International Relations Theory1788 Words   |  8 PagesContemporary international relations is a complex field. Understanding events and attempting to make sense of them can be a daunting task. There are, however, tools available, which can assist in providing clarity to these complex issues. The first of these tools is historic knowledge. Without historic background of an issue, it is nearly impossible to understand the events driving that issue in modern times. A second tool, the one which will be the focus of this paper, is international relations theoryRead MoreThe International Relations Theory That Best2071 Words   |  9 PagesThe international relations theory that best explains Operation Provide Comfort would be the constructivist theory. However, Turkey’s inv olvement in the operation may also be explained through subaltern realism. The fact that the nations that comprised the coalition, save for Turkey, conducting Operation Provide Comfort went through the official channel of the UN shows that the intention was to act within the norms of the international community for conducting humanitarian interventions. Had theRead MoreGames Theory in International Relations2695 Words   |  11 PagesGAMES THEORY IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 1.0 INTRODUCTION The field of game theory came into being with Émile Borel s researches in his 1938 book ‘Applications aux Jeux des Hazard’, and was followed by the 1944 book ‘Theory of Games and Economic Behaviour’ by John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern. This theory was developed extensively in the 1950s by many scholars. Game theory was later explicitly applied to biology in the 1970s, although similar developments go back at least as far as the

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Geneogram Free Essays

THE COMMON PATTERNS THAT I SAW ON MY GENEOGRAM AND HOW IT AFFECT WHO I AM TODAY Upon making and completing my Geneogram, the first thing that I got to realize is that I am really lucky with my family. We might not have a lot of professionals just like other families but no one in our family, whether mother or father side has any mental issues or any addictions to anything. Also, there are no bitter misunderstanding within our family that might have resulted to any conflicts. We will write a custom essay sample on Geneogram or any similar topic only for you Order Now Another common pattern that I saw is the common profession in our family. It is either engineering or nursing. This might explain as to why I chose engineering as a profession. It is visible that It is the common profession being practiced in our family. Another significant pattern that is visible is the number of children each of my Tito/Tita have. No one from any of my Tito/Tita has a number of children greater than three. This might explain why my mother and father only had two children of their own. Also, another pattern that is visible is the age in which my cousins had children. My geneogram results shows that no one from my cousins became a parent before the reach 25. This might also in a way explain as to why I still don’t have children of my own today. THINGS TO HEAL / CHANGE IN MY GENEOGRAM PATTERNS Even though my geneogram is quite a normal, good geneogram of a normal family, there is one area of improvement that I saw. There might be little areas to heal or I wanted to change. That area is that we do not have a pattern our family that has a leadership or entrepreneurial background. Most of my family’s pattern shows that most of us became professionals. That might not be a bad thing for others, but it might be for me because I wanted to have my own business someday and if I were to look at my family’s geneogram there is no significant pattern that shows me that there is a leadership or entrepreneurial pattern. So I cannot get the said skill anywhere within my family. But to clear things up, I love my family, I don’t want to change anything and I don’t want to give it up for anything in the world but just of academics sake, if I were to choose an area for improvement, I think that will be it. HOW CAN MY ANSWERS ABOVE HELP ME BECOME A LEADER IN MY WORKPLACE? Now that I have seen that what are the patterns and areas of improvement from my geneogram, more specifically the family members that does not have leadership skills. This might explain why I also lack leadership qualities in my office. I was offered on many occasions, from my previous and present work, to have an opportunity to be promoted and handle people. But I turn down those opportunities because deep in my heart I think that I am afraid to take the lead because I don’t have the said background from my family and does not feel comfortable leading people. And upon doing this geneogram, I got to realize that yeah, I am afraid to lead people because no one in my family taught me that skill. And I think for me is the greatest area of improvement for myself and my career. How to cite Geneogram, Papers

Saturday, December 7, 2019

A Critical Evaluation of Various Factors in a Five-star Hotel

Question: Discuss the critical evaluation of various factors in a five-star hotel. Answer: Introduction Singapore is big tourists place, and there are many Five-star Hotels running to provide exceptional services to the potential customers. A Five-star Hotel has many factors that make it a success amongst its competitors. Also, there are many factors that are needed to be used and developd in a hospitality industry, which provides help in the working of the Hotel. In this report, some of the major factors that may affect the working of a Five-star Hotel are being discussed. Critical evaluation of the importance of marketing mix in the success of a Five-Star Hotel, along with employee engagement in the food and beverage department of the hotel is discussed. With the critical evaluation of cross-cultural management and its importance in the hospitality management, the role of CRM in a Five-Star Hotel is also being evaluated (Abdullah and Antony, 2012). Today information communication technology plays an important part in the hospitality industry. How effective it is will be analyzed with the help of critical evaluation. For all the above activities, it is necessary to train and develop the front office department, its effectiveness will also be critically evaluated. In the end, the conclusion of all the evaluations will be given to summarize the whole thing (alem Mohammad, bin Rashid and bin Tahir, 2013). The importance of marketing mix for the success of the Five-Star Hotels A proper marketing mix is a crucial step for a five-star hotel that helps in deciding its marketing efforts. A marketing mix identifies, and indicates the sales team about the several marketing variables that can be used to target the specific market segments, for example, Transient, Conference, Corporate, Leisure, etc. it is necessary for a five-star hotel to have the right services/facilities, good promotional strategies, and the most important thing at a right price (Ashrafi et al., 2013). For a successful business, one need to: - get all the right elements Balance between the elements need to be stroked Differentiation in a business from its competitors can be achieved by adjusting the elements identified by marketing mix to make the product more attractive. Marketing mix help in the following ways in the success of a five-star hotel: - Services or Facilities- Analysis of different market segments of a Five-star hotel through marketing mix is done by the sales and marketing department helps the management to find out the specific requirements and work along in improving the services according to it or develop them if required (Berg and Sevon, 2014). Place- a hotel never travels to the customer, it is the customer that comes to a hotel. A Five-Star Hotel can be anywhere like in the citys heart or on the outskirts, or it could be a resort. The customers are reached with the help of direct methods or indirect methods. Promotion- an effective promotion strategy is a necessity for a five-star hotel as it is the way to communicate with the targeted customers. Customers are generally targeted with the help of effective communication channels. Pricing- a correct pricing strategy is an important factor need to be defined by the marketing mix. If the hotel services are not priced competitively, then the customer will not use the hotel services (Choi et al., 2015). The marketing mix elements influence each other. The business plan made for a hotel if handled right can result in great success. But if handled wrong then the hotel can take years to recover. A lot of understanding, consultation and market research are needed by marketing mix to give a right mix of the success. Importance of Employee Engagement in FB Department in a Five-Star Hotel The Food and Beverages department is an important part of any Five-star Hotel. This department gains around 40% of the total profit for a hotel. All the five-star Hotels try to provide the best food services to its customers, and for that the enthusiastic and talented staffs are very necessary. Employees have many responsibilities that they are needed to fulfil for a successful FB department (Costen and Salazar, 2011). Responsibilities of employees in an FB department are:- A responsible employee manages the day to day operations of the FB department within the guidelines set by the hotel. He preserves the excellent levels of external and internal customer services. Help in designing exclusive menus, making necessary improvements and making regular purchases. They can identify and actively respond to the customers needs. They should be attracting, trained, talented, and recruiting personnel. They should follow the established targets, policies, schedules, and procedure They should be motivated and also believe in team work They should follow all the safety and health regulations If the staffs of a five-star hotel follow all the above-given responsibilities, then the customers will get happy and would want to return to the hotel. However, if any employee is reluctant in giving his best to the job then, it may hamper the services needed by the customer which may give a bad reputation to the hotel (Grobelna, 2015). Marina Bay Sands located on the Marina Bay in Singapore is famous for its seven Celebrity Chef restaurants; Fairmont Singapore the Raffles Plaza is a very famous five-star hotel in Singapore which have fourteen different FB outlets and restaurants to serve its customers, The Fullerton Hotel of Singapore is famous for its five different FB outlets and has also won a major travel award which is Conde Nast Traveler Gold List award. These are the few examples of famous five-star Hotels of Singapore who provide extraordinary food services to their customers, and all this is possible because of their engaged employee of FB departments (Ham and Choi, 2012). The Cross-Cultural Management in the International Hospitality Management The numbers of international travellers are annually increasing in Singapore. Thus, the hospitality department of the Five-Star Hotels is needed to be aware of the importance of the cross-cultural management and hospitality skills. Staffs have to provide services and satisfy the customers needs. Staff appointed on the front desk should be able to predict and read the guests verbal and non-verbal ways of communication. The cross-cultural interaction with an overseas guest or with a traveller with an ethnic background is an important part of a person working in a five-star hotel in Singapore. While getting involved in an exchange with a customer coming from a different culture, an employee may experience many moments of truth as referred by the hospitality management (Jakovic and Galetic, 2014). It has been found that in general hotel management prefers having language study rather than having cross-cultural awareness training. This shows that the management has still not signified the importance of cultural awareness while interacting with guest and their overall satisfaction. A problem may surface when people coming from different cultural backgrounds talk to each other and misunderstand, which results due to language barriers and the cultural differences. Thus, it becomes very important for the hospitality department to have a trained staff that not only able to speak and understand foreign language but also be well informed with the cultural differences of different countries (Josiassen, Assaf and Cvelbar, 2014). Cultural awareness and intercultural communication are very important for the hospitality industry due to the international nature of the business they have, both in regarding with the guests and also the employees of the hotel. Reasons for justifying the importance of cross-cultural management are: - With the growing arrival of foreign tourists, it becomes obvious that social interaction will likely to be continued between guests of diversified cultures and the employees. Thus, for successfully operating hospitality management, it becomes necessary to understand its importance (Karunaratne and Jayawardena, 2011). The management of The Hilton Hotel, Singapore claims that their chains of hotels have 300,000 team members from ninety-three countries which provide a culturally diversified nature. As a result, some different cultures work and communicate with each other on daily basis. This diversification helps the staff to interact with the different cultured guest. Summing up, diversified cultures are an important section of the hospitality industry, and here an effective communication plays an important role while operating in multicultural surroundings successfully (Kim and Ham, 2006). The importance of Branding for the success of Fast food restaurants in a five-star hotel Branding and what a brand stands for a fast food restaurant are the core values for maximum fast food restaurants. If a fast food restaurant manages its branding well then, it will help in increasing the competitive advantages for it. The basic features of a fast food restaurant also help in excelling because a brand has few fundamental steps need to be followed for creating a difference between several competitors. Almost every famous fast food restaurants have a distinguished brand identity like McDonalds golden arches, Pizza huts cap, or the old man of KFCs. All these are easily recognisable by the customers because of their branding (La and Yi, 2015). Strong brands provide many advantages like larger brand loyalty, reduced competition, and increase response to any kind of price adjustment, brand extensions, and larger profit. Branding helps in making clear a restaurants reason for its existence and inspires employees to get accustomed with the brand to build it for their customers. Building strong brand equity can be a priority for all the fast food restaurants, but the attainment of this objective is not an easy task as the products and services of mostly all the fast food restaurants are same and also their methods of distributions. Price is the way one could differentiate with one brand from another. Consumer loyalty and preferences and a greater market share come from a good brand management as it brings a clear differentiation between products (Law et al., 2012). One thing fast food restaurants should keep in mind that branding is necessary for customers to identify the product but with branding comes the responsibilities to maintain the fundamentals promised by the fast food restaurants. Just having a catchy name, or a good logo or an image will not be sufficient for the success of the fast food restaurant. The fast food restaurants should deliver outstanding food experience at a right price with proper hygiene to its customers and maintain it. This will help in making customer remember the brand of the fast food restaurant and make them a loyal. The role of customer relationship management in Five-star Hotels In the present competitive world, the potential guests are becoming more sophisticated, price sensitive and less brand loyal. Thus, it becomes important for a hotel to develop Customer Relationship Management strategies that aim to gather, share, store, and seek guest information through the whole organisation for creating unique and personalised guests experiences (Law et al., 2012). The hotel industry is undergoing significant developments. Now the marketing strategies are more focused on retention of customers rather than acquisition of them, strategies of products are now designed around customisation, reengineering of the internal organisation around the customer-focused processes, and ICT is being applied in order to build relationship, enable customisation, gain customer insight, and provide new opportunities for the distribution of services. CRM focuses as an important strategy for sustaining advantages on competitors in the current global market. However, CRM policy has not been still a successful strategy for the hotel industry but still it is being worked on to be designed for a better result (Lee and Arcodia, 2011). An effective CRM implementation will lead to increased revenue by creating and maintaining the close relationship with customers. It also helps in acquiring new customers, reducing the operating cost, increasing the customer satisfaction, and making sure of long-term sustainability and profitability. But the recent studies show that CRM is mostly applied by large hotels rather than small hotels. This does gives the actual outcome of its success ratio. Just gaining the data of guest is not enough if it is not applied at the right time, and at the right place. CRMs main idea is to give the extraordinary guest experience while their stay in the hotel. For this staff has to make sure that they are going through every detail of the guest that is being inputted in the CRM details. But this is the fact that most of the time this knowledge is not being effectively used (Pavlenko, 2012). The Mandarin Orchard Singapore, a famous five-star hotel in Singapore has just now adapted CRM software Infor, which can serve more than 70,000 customers information at a time. This software will help the hotel to analyse the data better and quickly respond to the varying market condition as according to the guests service demands. Through CRM, the hotel aims at reducing manual processes, and increasing overall revenue for the hotel. This shows that many big hotels are adding CRM in their operational process to gets the benefits by applying its strategies (Qi, Law and Buhalis, 2013). The use of Information Communication Technology in the Hospitality Industry The merger of communication and information technologies along with sophisticated network manners have open new channels for the hospitality industry. The Technology based systems have lead to a vital position for the hospitality industry to offer better services to its potential guests. Hotels can take the advantages of the popularity of ITC based systems in advancing their business operations (Sekulic and Mandaric, 2013). ITC involves the usage of computer software, hardware, and telecommunication devices to manipulate, convert, send, receive, store, and protect data. With the help of computers and technological devices it has become easier for the management of a hotel to store, collect and manipulate information and data and share it with an individual, or within the organisation. The possibility of how it can be used is endless. Information and Communications Technology has become an integral part of a hotel industry and changed its ways of servicing its customers in the last few years. The use of ITC helps the front office to share information about the guest across the chain of hotels (Sucher and Cheung, 2015). Despite the increasing use and popularity of computer technology, there are still few hindrances one has to overcome to be successful. The very necessity is to have the correct information at the right time, at the right place and communicated as quickly as possible, without this ITC cannot be proved beneficial for the hotel industry. For that, the person sitting behind the computer should have full knowledge that how he should find the correct information out of the data when required. In hotels, computers are being used for accounting for guest, forecasting guest demand for reservations, data management, management of guest services, reservation management and revenue and yield management and all this data is finally used to communicate the right part of the information required to cater a guest. There is a minute difference between the right information and waste information thus, it is necessary to know what is beneficial for the hotel, that information should be kept and rest unwanted information should be deleted as it may prove to be a hindrance in communicating the information at the right time, as the person may get confused with the extra information which may be added to the data base (Tsang, 2008). The importance of training and development in the front office department of a Five-star Hotel Training and development of the front office staff is very important as they are the face of the hotels image with whom the customer will be dealing the maximum. Training and development programs help the front office staff to remove performance deficiencies present in them and train them to interpret the demands of the potential customer to give them the best service possible (Wijayanto, 2015). Training and development help in two ways at least, and they are that the employees become more efficient once they went through the training and development program and an efficient employee contributes in a better way in the growth of the Hotel. As discussed earlier there is a major cross-cultural factor that needs to be handled by the management as Singapore is a big tourist destination that means number of different cultured people will be coming in the Hotel and need to deal by the front office, so it is necessary for them to be able to communicate with the guests effectively. Also, if any guests have any problem they are going to call the front desk for the solution so it is necessary for them to be ready with all kind of solutions that may be required, to solve the problem of the guest. All the CRM data and information that need to be communicated is at the front desk so the employees working on the front desk need to be trained accordingly. It is very necessary for the staff of the front office to be trained and developed according to the requirements of the Five-star Hotel or the guest may get a wrong image of the hotel services. For all the above-given factors efficient staffs is required and that can only be possible through proper training and development programs that have to be specially designed to make the staff efficient enough to render all the services expected from them (Wu and Lu, 2012). Conclusion The above-given critical evaluations of various factors and technological uses for the success of the Five-Star Hotels concludes that marketing mix is important for the success of the hotel, but it is necessary to make sure that the correct marketing mix strategy is adapted by the hotel, or it may lead to lots of problems. Food and Beverages Department and the cross-cultural management department are very important parts of any Five-star Hotel, thus the employees engaged in these departments should have proper training and development for the expected outcome from the employees. CRM and ITC are the technologies being used by big Five-star Hotels and for that they need to have proper trained department to have these strategies prove to be a success. For managing all the factors the front office staffs is responsible so it is very necessary that they are well trained and developed accordingly (Zhao and Namasivayam, 2009). References Abdullah, Z. and Antony, C. (2012). Perception of Employees on Internal Communication of a Leading Five-star Hotel in Malaysia.Asian Social Science, 8(2). alem Mohammad, A., bin Rashid, B. and bin Tahir, S. (2013). 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A study of hotel guests' online booking intention.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 20, pp.76-83. Sekulic, D. and Mandaric, M. (2013). Quality of services as a determinant of customer satisfaction in the hotel industry.Marketing, 44(3), pp.231-246. Sucher, W. and Cheung, C. (2015). The relationship between hotel employees cross-cultural competency and team performance in multi-national hotel companies.International Journal of Hospitality Management, 49, pp.93-104. Tsang, E. (1998). A longitudinal study of corporate social reporting in Singapore.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 11(5), pp.624-635. Wijayanto, G. (2015). The Effect of Service Marketing Mix in Choosing the Decision to Consumer Services Hotel: Studies in Hotel Grand Zuri Pekanbaru.MJSS. Wu, S. and Lu, C. (2012). The relationship between CRM, RM, and business performance: A study of the hotel industry in Taiwan.International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(1), pp.276-285. Zhao, X. and Namasivayam, K. (2009). Posttraining Self-Efficacy, Job Involvement, and Training Effectiveness in the Hospitality Industry.Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality Tourism, 8(2), pp.137-152.